CHAPTER 15: Expressions

Previous

Java Language

Index

Next

15.21 Bitwise and Logical Operators

The bitwise operators and logical operators include the AND operator & , exclusive OR operator ^ , and inclusive OR operator | . These operators have different precedence, with & having the highest precedence and | the lowest precedence. Each of these operators is syntactically left-associative (each groups left-to-right). Each operator is commutative if the operand expressions have no side effects. Each operator is associative.

AndExpression:

	EqualityExpression

	AndExpression & EqualityExpression

ExclusiveOrExpression:

	AndExpression

	ExclusiveOrExpression ^ AndExpression

InclusiveOrExpression:

	ExclusiveOrExpression

	InclusiveOrExpression | ExclusiveOrExpression

The bitwise and logical operators may be used to compare two operands of numeric type or two operands of type boolean . All other cases result in a compile-time error.

15.21.1 Integer Bitwise Operators &, ^, and |

When both operands of an operator & , ^ , or | are of primitive integral type, binary numeric promotion is first performed on the operands (S5.6.2). The type of the bitwise operator expression is the promoted type of the operands.

For & , the result value is the bitwise AND of the operand values.

For ^ , the result value is the bitwise exclusive OR of the operand values.

For | , the result value is the bitwise inclusive OR of the operand values.

For example, the result of the expression 0xff00 & 0xf0f0 is 0xf000 . The result of 0xff00 ^ 0xf0f0 is 0x0ff0 .The result of 0xff00 | 0xf0f0 is 0xfff0 .

15.21.2 Boolean Logical Operators &, ^, and |

When both operands of a & , ^ , or | operator are of type boolean , then the type of the bitwise operator expression is boolean .

For & , the result value is true if both operand values are true ; otherwise, the result is false .

For ^ , the result value is true if the operand values are different; otherwise, the result is false .

For | , the result value is false if both operand values are false ; otherwise, the result is true .